Criticism of Mulvey and Gaze theory

Some women enjoy being 'looked' at i.e 'Beauty Pageants and Modeling'
The gaze can also be directed towards member of the same gender for several reasons, not all of which are sexual, such as in comparison of body image or in clothing.
Categorising facial expressions:
Women:

• Chocolate Box
• Invitational
• Super-smiler
• Romantic or sexual

Marjorie Ferguson (1980)

Men:

• Carefree
• Practical
• Seductive
• Comic
• Catalogue

Trevor Millum (1975)

Key Theorists Beliefs

Jonathan Schroeder (1998) 'to gaze implies more than to look at - it signifies a psychological relationship of power, in which the gazer is superior to the object of the gaze.